Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay

In the previous(predicate) 1960s there was a drift towards cognitive Behavior Therapy as people turned away protrude of disappointment in the psychodynamic possibleness for psych otherwiseapy. Also at this time social learning theory was the bran-new and upcoming study. This is when cognitive theory emerged with Alfred Adler. He was the first Cognitive therapist who came up with the idea that an individuals beliefs and ideas is what turns up their way (Lantz, 1996). He believed that this type of psychotherapy would all in allow the guests to make spays in the way they think to qualifying their sort and solve their problems. Alfred Adler was not the all contributor to Cognitive theory. Between the late 1950s and early 1960s Albert Ellis came up with dys give wayal thinking or emotions that come from ridiculous beliefs.He sought bring out to change these unclear emotions with psychotherapy and by challenging these beliefs. His books ar very well known and use a lot of by various therapist. He is basically considered the grandfather of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and his alphabet stupefy is apply widely. Albert came up with Rational-emotive therapy, which was later on changed to Rational-emotive port therapy because Ellis wanted his thickenings to act upon their new beliefs by putting them into practice (Wilde, 1996, p. 9). Others who save contributed to Cognitive theory realize been William Glasser, Arnold Lazarus, Don Tosi, Victor Ramy, Maxie Maultsby, Aron Beck and many more than. William Glasser use effective psychotherapy to sponsor his invitees find courage to change their life style and become more responsible of their goals.He did this by pointing out the worth of self and the basic human need to be loved. His reality therapy consisted of his clients cogitate on individualal responsibility to understand their own reality (Lantz, 1996). Arnold Lazarus came up with the 7 modes of the client that help assess their functioning. The se seven modes are sensation, imagery, cognition, demeanor affect, interpersonal living and drugs (Lantz, 1996). These modes, according to Lazarus, would help come up with a treatment plan that would help the client in all areas of their function lives. Don Tosi contributed to Cognitive theory by intergrading hypnosis with the therapy.Hypnosis is employ to help the clients picture their thoughts in a rock-loving way through exploration and redirection (Lantz, 1996). Victor Ramy revolve abouted his buy the farm on helping clients change their self- archetype. His books project how to help a client survey with and change the cognitive misunderstanding of themselves. Maxie Maultsby used the ABC model as used by Albert Ellis but he also contributed by using cerebral look therapy with youngsters, for self-help groups, and group therapy. Aron Beck was a psychiatrist who used cognitive treatment to help his clients who had anxiety and personality disorders. He did extensive resear ch on effective Cognitive therapy and how it helps clients with a range of individual problems from suicidal patients to those who have borderline personality disorders.Many of those who contributed to Cognitive therapy were not social tenders. The first social worker that used Cognitive therapy was Harold Werner. Werner struggled early on when he tried to bring Cognitive therapy to social work as those who had a psychoanalytical point of view attacked him. His efforts allowed the theory to be accepted in the social work arena. Howard Goldstein also helped bring Cognitive therapy into the social work profession.Behavior theory is a mixture of disparate theories combined and it first came rough in the first quarter of this century. The work of Ivan Pavlov and his classical conditioning theory, the work of B.F. Skinner and J.B. Watson and their operant condition theory and the work of Bandura on the social learning theory is all combined in the look theory. The classical condition ing theory states that a conditi angiotensin converting enzymed stimulus earth-closet cause a conditioned response with the famous example of Pavlov and the salivating dog.This is a expression that is learned and that coffin nail be used to help clients during therapy especially those who have anxiety disorders. The operant conditioning uses human behavior and examines it. Skinner believed that behavior was measurable and that certain situations cause human to react is certain ways. Once these behaviors are learned through the scientific method we whoremaster predetermine a clients actions and help them with either interdict or controlling sustenances. This will either increase or decrease the clients behavior depending on if the behavior is punished or autocraticly reinforced.In the late 60s is when behavior theory became a front-runner with clinical social work. At this time the psychodynamic theories were under attack and a new theories were sought out. friendly learning theory focuses on using the ABC model that Albert Ellis used to help clients. This involves finding the antecedents, range behaviors, and consequence in ones toughened behavior.Antecedents is what the client was doing before the situation occurred, laughingstock behavior is the behavior that needs to be changed or focused on and the consequence is the result because of their target behavior (Thomlison & Thomlison, 1996). These three are analyzed to figure out what needs to change in the behavior to get an alternate positive consequence or to see how the situation can be avoided. Principles and Concepts at that place are four basic concepts to Cognitive theory. The first uses Albert Elliss ABC model to deal with the emotions we get and the way we think about our situations and ourselves. The ABC model helps us identify our thoughts and whence helps us take in our emotions (Lantz, 1996). If what we are thinking during a situation is unreasoning then our emotions are going to b e unruly and incorrect also. If we have rational thoughts then our emotions will be functional. If our trigger behavior causes ridiculous emotions then we need to find rational emotions to replace the irrational belief (Wilde, 1996, p. 33).The second basic concept to Cognitive theory is that these irrational beliefs are in our unconscious and we are not aware of them. This whitethorn make it difficult to find out what the thoughts are and why we have dysfunctional emotions. To help our clients notice their irrational beliefs we have to allow them to learn misconceptions about themselves so they are more aware of their thoughts. Irrational believes course to illogical emotions, which causes the client to react in an unreasonable way, but there are exactions to these types of situation, which is basic concept three (Lantz, 1996). Some quantify the way we feel has nothing to do with our irrational beliefs. What we are face is genuinely true or there could be a neurological or oth er health problem, which can make an individual feel down or angry or upset. A disparity in the brain chemistry can cause dysfunctional emotions.Lastly all irrational emotions are not always dysfunctional which means a rational belief can be dysfunctional also. A client might get sort of high or frantic from something dangerous such as a gun. Playing with a gun might give a client a feeling of excitement and happiness but it is not safe to play with guns. Feeling happy or excited is not considered a dysfunctional emotion but in this case we would have to teach the client about the misconception in their mind that playing with guns is safe or fun. Cognitive theory allows a person to cognise their environment and their situation both physically and communally and it allows them to work through and change it (Lantz, 1996).A basic concept to Behavior theory is that all behavior is learned and that individual have problematic behaviors. According to Skinner our social problems can be measured through our behavior. By changing the environment and reinforcing the client with either positive reinforcement or disallow reinforcement we can get them to change their behavior. The stimuli from the reinforcement will allow the client to either change or remove the behavior (Thomlison & Thomlison, 1996). Social learning theory, which involves the ABC model, shows us how behavior can change for the better. Similarities and DifferencesThe biggest similarity between Cognitive theory and Behavior theory is the intertwining of the Social Learning Theory. They both use the ABC model and look at the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of each situation. With Cognitive theory, the trigger behavior comes with an irrational belief that needs to be changed. Clients often times have irrational beliefs during their behavior. After the consequence takes place the ABC model will help us show them their irrational beliefs and teach them that with a rational belief a different conse quence could have taken place. With Behavior theory a similar pattern is used.The problem is identified and the target behavior is observed by the social worker other wise known as behavior psychoanalysis (Thomlison & Thomlison, 1996). The social worker then works with the clients on changing both the antecedents and the consequences to attain a different behavior. Changing the antecedent is known as manipulating the environment condition (Streff, Geller, 1986). The antecedent is changed to increase a positive behavior in the situation. The consequence is used as reinforcement either positive or prejudicial. The reinforcement allows for a change in behavior.The difference between the two theories is that one focuses on the beliefs and emotions that one has about themselves and the behavior that comes from these beliefs and the other focuses on problematic behavior and the reinforcements that change this type of behavior. Behavior therapy uses both positive and negative reinforceme nts and Cognitive therapy focuses on eliminating the negative behavior or emotion and replacing it with positive rational behavior.A belief scale that serves as a measure from one to ten, is used to see how irrational the clients beliefs really are (Watson, Morris, Miller, 2001). With Behavior therapy reinforcements are used to encourage clients but with Cognitive therapy rational beliefs are used to encourage clients. The clients are questioned on their beliefs and often times humor is used to show the clients how irrational their beliefs can be (Wilde, 1996, p. 61).A limitation of behavior therapy is that reinforcement dont always work for everyone. A stimulus for reinforcing someone depends on that persons perception of the stimulus (Wilde, 1996, p. 18). If an individual is having behavior problems and the negative reinforcement is to stay after school, the individual might not think of it as negative reinforcement if they dont like going home. Their situation at home might be wo rse then staying after school for detention. Another issue is that behavior theory only deals with the outdoor of the problem and does not investigate the deep down root of the problem. Because behavior therapy doesnt focus on the internal process of the client, the reinforcements are only successful if they bring change in the clients life for the better.Although Cognitive theory may look at the root of the problem by focusing on automatic thoughts and core beliefs, it also has limitations. It is argued that Cognitive theory only looks at the problem for that one situation that occurs. One incident takes place where the client has inappropriate behavior with irrational beliefs (Atherton, 2007). Other aspects of the clients life may or may not come up while discovering their irrational beliefs.Another issue is that with Cognitive theory, treatment is not emphasized with family members, the environment, and other interventions (Lantz, 1996). Both theories are culturally sensitive an d work with all different backgrounds. Because different races and cultures have different social misconceptions, irrational beliefs may veer from culture to culture but all cultures have irrational beliefs (Lantz, 1996).What is considered positive or negative reinforcements in one culture may not be considered so in another culture. These types of things vary but both types of therapy work with all different sorts of people. Both theories are compatible with the NASW code of ethics. Cognitive therapy and Behavior therapy both value the client and humanity. Cognitive therapists emphasize the use for rational thinking, which is not only for the client but also for society. The worth of the client is sustained and it is important to make sure that the client doesnt feel threatened or ashamed by these techniques and it is up to the social worker to maintain these techniques. Blending The Two TheoriesResearch shows that when unify Cognitive therapy with Behavior therapy there are no proven results that the outcome is better for the client right away. The research does show however that there are more long term results when combining the two theories as apposed to just using one therapy or the other (Thomlison & Thomlison, 1996). Behavior theorists such as Skinner argue that when combining Cognitive theory to Behavior theory, the focus on behavior gets diverted and so the therapy is not as effective.Research is not conclusive on this matter but it shows that efficacy to the therapy depends on the problem that the client is having. As time goes on close social workers use Cognitive Behavior Therapy and not just one or the other. By blending the two theories we can focus on the clients behavior, reinforce their positive behaviors and allow them to recognize their ideas and beliefs about their behavior to allow them to make rational choices and have rational emotions.