Reflection Essay on Writing and the Composition of Literature

Writing and the composition of literature is an art that has been passed down for many generations. Some have been blessed with the uncanny ability to create masterful scripts, but others, like myself, struggle day-to-day with writing simple pieces. I am constantly attempting to improve my ability to write, and this class especially helped me to improve my writing. I can see my essays developing more and more along with my final grades on the papers increasing as well. However simple writing may sound to some people, it is actually composed of many meshing parts and pieces working together to create a polished essay. Despite the age of literature, it is relatable in nature to some modern technology which is also is composed of many components. A prime example of this phenomenon is the Apple App Store. The App Store consists of many unique applications from developers around the world, each serving its own purpose. Through the pieces in my portfolio I will demonstrate my development as a writer along with the advancements of particular skillsets that deal with composition, just as developers provide updates for their applications. My portfolio offers a view into my skills as a struggling writer and my journey to â€Å"updating† my â€Å"apps†. A component really needing work was my use of analytical information versus summarization. Although I expected it to be rough, the low grade I earned on my first paper caught me by surprise. When reading through I found summarizing the poemShow MoreRelatedMy First Day Of Class Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my academic career I have always struggled with writing whether it is for the English class or any other liberal arts class. In my English classes, I have a tendency to deviate from the given task. This semester I took a FIQWS Composition class which helped me explore the unexplored areas of my academic writing. 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Some issues I see are students not being exposed to different styles of writing, their writing assignments challenge their knowledge and remembranceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Alexander Pope s An Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesAn essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author s own argument — but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length, whereas the informal essay is characterized by the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, gracefulRead MoreReflection On My Reading Skills872 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Before taking this class I thought that my reading skills were exceptional, but I was undeniably wrong about that. Now, after taking this class I can say that my reading skills have greatly improved. I now know how to analyze works of art and find new meanings behind the words that I read. Now, with the knowledge on how to use criticism to my advantage, all types of literature will become wide open to me in a sense that I will be able to understand literature in greater detail. I wouldRead MoreHow I Learned to Read and Write by Frederick Douglass and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan1178 Words   |  5 Pages How I Learned to Read and Write by Frederick Douglass and Mother Tongue by Amy Tan are essays that share a common theme. The theme is opposition and how it is necessary to build strength. In the essay How I Learned to Read and Write, Frederick Douglass explains that he was born into slavery and faced his own ignorance with a resolve to overcome this challenge. Faced with oppression by the master and mistress of the house, a young Frederick Douglass used any means necessary toRead MoreEssay about Family Values Richard Rodriguez Analysis1270 Words   |  6 PagesBernardo Cabrera Ken Carter AP Language and Composition 30 January 2012 Family Values Because of the opposing cultures and ideas that collide in the mind of Richard Rodriguez, his arguments tend to break boundaries of traditional philosophical writing. As a Catholic, a homosexual, a Mexican immigrant, and an intellectual, the meaning of family values can differ significantly from one aspect of his life to the next. By gathering input from each of those sectors, Rodriguez composes an array ofRead MorePoe vs. Shakespeare Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesPoe and William Shakespeare Brandi Greene University Composition and Communication I/COM155 May 9th, 2013 University of Phoenix The Comparison of Edgar Allan Poe and William Shakespeare Many have been inspired by the likes of Edgar Allen Poe and Shakespeare in literature but, there are similarities and differences between the two. Each author could lure their audiences by the characteristics of their writing. Their places in society also differed, as each had different

Archetypes In The Kite Runner - 1616 Words

In the novel, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the author takes the reader into the fictional world of Amir and Hassan, two best friends who face the untold realities of their childhood as they struggle to cope with guilt and heartbreaking losses. The story is told from the perspective of Amir, a Pashtun who grows up in a privileged society and lives with his father, Baba and his best friend and Hazara servant, Hassan. One of the major turning points in the story occurs when Amir leaves Hassan to be raped by a bully, ruining their relationship for the rest of his life. While dealing with the guilt of betraying Hassan, who he later learns is his half-brother, Amir learns shocking truths about his father that alter his perspective of Baba†¦show more content†¦After he nearly convinces himself Hassan is â€Å"not [his] friend,† Amir is ashamed for neglecting his best friend in pursuit of his own safety. By portraying Amir’s guilt, the author displays Amirâ€⠄¢s conflicted feelings for Hassan—the person who he has always treated â€Å"like a brother†Ã¢â‚¬â€thus highlighting his inability to be decisive. Hosseini seems to believe that, although humans make mistakes, the following guilt can strengthen a person’s relationships in the long-term, provided they avoid making similar mistakes in the future. Later in the story, Amir and Hassan have a second encounter with Assef when Hassan is raped, but Amir simply watches the scene as a bystander, traumatized and scared to stand up for his friend. Amir continues to carry the burden of guilt for the rest of the novel and expresses his frustration by attempting to cut ties with Hassan. In chapter 9, Amir frames Hassan for stealing by placing his birthday money and his watch under Hassan’s mattress. When Baba finds out that Hassan had â€Å"stolen† from Amir—as Amir had planned— Hassan shockingly admits to stealing the watch and money, even though he was not responsible. However, Baba forgives Hassan, leaving Amir in aShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner1069 Words   |  5 PagesWhat role did assef play in The Kite Runner? antagonist Who is rahim khan in The Kite Runner? Rahim Khan is Babas business partner and best friend. What is the mood of The Kite Runner? The mood of one flying a kite i would say is optimistic. Flying a kite doesnt always go as planned. What disease did Ali have in The Kite Runner? Parkinsons. What did Baba decide to construct and pay for in The Kite Runner? An orphanage How was amir responsible for the flight of ali and hassan? Read MoreEssay On Hassan As An Archetype1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of Archetypes in literature is highly prevalent. A common archetype is the saviour archetype, also known as the messianic or Christ-like figure. Usually the protagonist, the Christ-like figure exhibits qualities that parallel that of the biblical Jesus, through characterization, and symbolic actions. There are a few common traits exhibited by this character, including, but not limited to, being self-sacrificing and loyal, manifestations of divine qualities, displaying kindness or forgivenessRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1316 Words   |  6 Pagescorrupt political groups, like the Taliban, are seizing control of the government widespread suffering is weakening the people. When in power these groups are able to exercise control in whatever way they deem necessary. Cruelty is utilized in The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, as the main char acters inhabit Afghanistan during times of extreme turmoil. Throughout the story the characters suffer through and cause cruelty which affects each other and their own lives. The hardships suffered by the charactersRead More The Power of Words Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesroad after a catastrophic event. To â€Å"carry the fire† was the boys main concern and those words meant a world of difference (McCarthy np). It gave the man and his son the strength and encouragement to just keep going. Khaled Hossieni’s novel The Kite Runner used the repetition of the saying â€Å"for you a thousand times over† to induce an overwhelming response in the reader’s emotions through the use of irony (Hosseini np). The huge power of words in literature, speeches, songs, and sermons are seen over

Juan Soriano Example For Students

Juan Soriano Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings and sculptures made by Juan Soriano Biography Juan Soriano was a famous Mexican painter and sculptor. He was born on August 18, 1920, in  Guadalajara, Mexico and died on February 10, 2006, in  Mexico City. He was one of the supporters of the Mexican School cultural movement, which began to appear in 1910. Biography of the painter is very interesting. When the artist was born, his real name was Juan Francisco Rodrà ­guez Montoya. His parents’ names were Rodrà ­guez Soriano and Amalia Montoya Navarro.  Starting from the early age, he decided to change his name and call himself as Juan Soriano. He preferred the surname of his father and that was the reason for the change (not any other, because several journalists said that he didn’t like his mother which is a total lie). He always said that his family is very eccentric. He was an early talent whose career began early as did his fame with various writers authoring work about him.  This hopeful young boy started his first exhibitions at the age of 14. This first exhibition was a very good one for him. Exactly that first premiere allowed him to meet with a lot of famous artists. There were  Josà © Chà ¡vez Morado,  Lola à lvarez Bravo, and  Marà ­a Izquierdo, (by the way, exactly she had an influence on him to move  Mexico City,   and in 1935 when he was only fifteen he moved together with his sister Martha). He traveled a lot in Europe. He found something beautiful in everything he saw. It was his way to becoming inspired. In Mexico, he got Mexico’s national art prize (1987), France’s Là ©gion d’Honneur (2004), and Spain’s Velà ¡zquez Prize (2005). In Mexico City, he never stopped communicating with his friends, writers, painters and so on. They were a treasure of his life that he didn’t want to lose. These included  Xavier Villaurrutia,  Carlos Pellicer,  Octavio Paz, Lola and  Manuel à lvarez Bravo and lots more. Key Ideas in painting Soriano became popular after his excellent portraits and self-portraits. Just look in his series of paintings of Lupe Marin or even Diego Rivera’s  first wife. Hero of the article always believed that art shouldn’t protect any politics. That is why painter Jesà ºs Reyes Ferreira had an early influence on his work. During some period of time, he occurred as an antagonist of fascism in Europe. He was a member of the League of Revolutionary Writers and Artists. They were also against the U.S. involvement in various Latin American countries.   And this had a huge influence on his artwork too. Soriano’s work including various paintings, huge sculptures, various ceramics, exciting drawings, awesome graphics works, magnificent illustrations, and set and costume design were classified as part of the second wave of the  Mexican muralism  movement. He also experimented a lot. For example, in the 1960s he tried to perform in abstract painting. He was a noted portrait painter with a style that  Teresa del Conde (a famous Mexican critic)  called â€Å"always legible and at the same time strangely problematic.† In 2003, he worked on tapestry design with a theme of death for the Gobelinos Workshop in Guadalajara. Famous paintings and sculptures made by Juan Soriano When he was working, he created things to be memorized by millions of people. That is why Soriano created a number of great sculptures and paintings which are located in Mexico and Europe. These include: El Toro at the Tomà ¡sGarridoCanabal Park in  Villahermosa  (1987) La Luna for the  National Auditorium  in Mexico City (1993) Mano for the Herdez Group headquarters (1995) Paloma de bronze  (Bronze Dove) Pajaro III  (Bird III) Pajaro de Dos Caras  (Bird with Two Faces) One of Soriano’s most famous paintings,  Child with Bird  (1941), shows a live bird nestled in the hands of a young boy who, if not smiling, appears quizzical.

Misdiagnosis Of Attention Deficit Disorder - Add Essays

Misdiagnosis Of Attention Deficit Disorder - Add What exactly is ADD? This is a question that has remained unanswered for a very long time. ADD, also known as attention deficit disorder, has to do with the brain. This disorder was at one time thought to be related to brain damage. Nowadays however, it is actually quite common. It is reported that about 40 percent of the student body of an average school is ADD. Scientists think that this is at least one student per classroom in a school. ADD has really been recognized over the past twenty years. This is when most of the research about it has been done. When someone has been diagnosed as having ADD it does not mean that they are lazy, stupid, or crazy. It only means that they have a difficult time trying to pay attention to a subject in which they have little or no interest. This is why ADD is usually first noticed in school. Before much research was done, ADD was not even called ADD. It had a different name. It was called Hyperknetics. This was really just a fancy term for saying that a child is easily distracted, and also very hyper. This was back in the days when doctors also thought that Hyperknesis was caused by some sort of brain damage. This was potentially true however; there were a few rare cases in which some brain damage actually occurred in a child. The brain damage only happened naturally, like when the child was being developed. ADD is something that an individual person is born with, and not something that is developed over time. Many Doctors and specialists have discovered over time that there is more than type of ADD. Doctors now recognize three distinct types of ADD, normal ADD, ADHD, and residual ADD. The second, ADHD is normal ADD coupled with a hyperactive tendency. The third type, residual ADD is the type of ADD that most commonly affects older children and adults. Hyperactivity is not usually associated with residual ADD. When it comes to ADD most people will associate it with the child being hyper or out of control. This can be the case some of the time, but hyperactivity isn't always the problem. There are actually quite a few kids who have an attention problem, but can appear perfectly normal and calm on the outside. Next, we will go into some of the symptoms of ADD. These symptoms are as follows, 1. inattentiveness or distractibility, 2. Impulsivity, 3. difficulty delaying gratification, 4. hyperactivity, 5. arousal, 6. noncompliance, 7. social problems, and 8. disorganization. These are the main symptoms that doctors and specialists have used to characterize and diagnose ADD. Now we have to break it down. Most of the kids who have ADD without an element of hyperactivity, will probably only display symptoms one, six, and eight. In the book All About the Attention Deficit Disorder gives a great breakdown of all of the different characteristics of ADD and determines into which category they fall. The most important, or core symptom as they call it, is number one. This is inattention or distractibility. This is the first sign that is looked for when someone is going to be diagnosed with ADD. Next are symptoms two through five, these are the symptoms that define the personality of a person with ADD. Items six through eight were saved to be the symptoms that follow the others due to them actually being the results of the others. These are the main symptoms that doctors diagnose people with. There will however, be others along the way. According to the book All About the Attention deficit disorder, An ADD child has an attention span for which his or her age is too short. Unless the task is very interesting to them, the child will always say that it is boring. This is the reason ADD mostly takes place in schools. Many doctors, and the previously mentioned book have said that nine times out of ten if you ask an ADD child what he or she mostly dislikes about school the answer will be the work. Now don't get the wrong idea, most kids will say the reason why they dislike school is

An Overview of Genetic Engineering essays

An Overview of Genetic Engineering essays Imagine a world full of 'mini Hitlers' seeking world domination, killing millions as their solution to establish a superior race or bunch or 2 headed humans eating a pig with 6 legs. These scenarios may sound like something out a science fiction novel, but this is the kind of things that people think about when they hear the words 'genetic engineering' Genetic engineering is now an important part of this world. It is used to cure diseases, develop food that grows faster and food that's healthier. Without genetic engineering, it will not be possible to feed the 10 billion humans expected by the year 2030. Only by using this new technology can we increase food production enough so that it is possible to feed this growing world. This can be done by producing plant varieties that are more precisely adapted to local conditions. This also helps poor farmers by reducing their expenses such as pesticides. In developing worlds, there are over 100 million children with vitamin A deficiency causing huge problems such as blindness. These people eat mainly rice and rice has no vitamin A. Right now the only way they can get enough vitamin A is by costly supplements that don't reach everyone. So scientists are genetically engineering rice so that it contains vitamin A, and this rice seed could be distributed to the poorest areas of the world, a brilliant and simple idea. So how can consumers live in the developed world benefit from plant biotechnology? Using modern biotechnology scientists have already produced food with improved flavor, food that is better for health and food with better qualities. Examples of these are apples and sweet corns that are insect resistant, frost resistant strawberries, and seedless grapes. One of the main reasons why people oppose genetic engineering is that they think biotechnology is an imprecise science and so it will likely to result in unanticipated outcomes and dangerous surprises. But did you know th...

James Hutton Essay Example

James Hutton Essay Example James Hutton Paper James Hutton Paper James Hutton A report done by Sarah Lynn Brixey James Hutton was a Scottish geologist, naturalist, and experimental farmer. He is considered the father of modern geology. His theories of geology and geologic time, are also called deep time, and came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism. Plutonism is the disproven theory that all rocks formed by solidification of a molten mass. Uniformitarianism means of or pertaining to the thesis that processes that operated in the remote geological past are not different from those observed now. Another definition of uniformitarianism is supporting, conforming to, or derived from a theory or doctrine about uniformity, esp. on the subject of geology. In this report on James Hutton, you will learn who he was, his theory of rock formations, and his publication career. James Hutton was born in Edinburgh on June 3, 1726 as one of five children of a merchant who was also Edinburgh City Treasurer, but died when James was very young. He attended school at the Edinburgh High School, where he was particularly interested in mathematics and chemistry. At the age of 14, he attended the University of Edinburgh as a â€Å"student of humanity†. He was an intern to a lawyer at the age of 17, but took more of an interest in chemical experiments than legal work. At the age of 18, he became a doctor’s assistant and attended lectures of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Three years later, he studied medicine in Paris, and in 1749, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Leyden with a thesis on blood circulation. Around 1747, he had a son by a woman named Miss Edington, and other than giving the boy financial assistance, he had little to do with him. The boy went on to become a post office clerk in London. After receiving his degree, Hutton returned to London, and in the summer of 1750, at the age of 24, went back to Edinburgh and resumed experiments with close friend, James Davie. Their work on production of sal ammoniac from soot led to their partnership in profitable chemical works, manufacturing the crystalline salts which were used for dyeing, metalwork, and as smelling salts that were previously available only from natural sources and that had to be imported from Egypt. Hutton owned and rented out properties in Edinburgh, which employed a factor to manage this business. James Hutton inherited his father’s Berwickshire farms of Slighthouses, which are lowland farms that had been in the family since 1713, and a hill farm of Nether Monynut. In the early 1750s, he moved to Slighthouses, with his goal being to making improvements, which introduced farming practices from other parts of Britain and experimenting with plant and animal cultivation. He recorded his ideas and innovations in an unpublished thesis on The Elements of Agriculture. This developed his interest in meteorology and geology, and by 1753, he had become very fond of studying the surface of the earth, and was looking with anxious curiosity into every pit or ditch or bed of a river he came across. Working in a clearing and draining his farm provided many opportunities, and he noticed that a vast proportion of the present rocks are composed of materials afforded by the destruction of bodies, animal, vegetable and mineral, of more ancient formation†. His theoretical ideas began to come together in 1760, and while his farming activities continued, in 1764, he went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk. In 1768, Hutton returned to Edinburgh, leaving his farms to tenants but continuing to take an interest in farm improvements and research, which included experiments carried out at Slighthouses. He developed a red dye made from the roots of the madder plant. He had a house built in 1770 at St. John’s Hill, Edinburgh, overlooking Salisbury Crags. He was one of the most influential participants in the Scottish Enlightenment, and fell in with numerous first-class minds in the sciences including John Playfair, philosopher David Hume, and economist Adam Smith. He was a particularly close friend of Joseph Black, and the two of them together with Adam Smith founded the Oyster Club for weekly meetings, that included Hutton and Black to find a venue, which turned out to have rather disreputable associations. Between 1767 and 1774, Hutton had considerable close involvement with the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal, making full use of his geological knowledge, both as a shareholder and as a member of the committee of management, and attended meetings including extended site inspections of all the works. In 1777, he published a pamphlet on Considerations on the Nature, Quality and distinctions of Coal and Culm, which successfully helped to obtain relief from removal duty on carrying small coal. Hutton hit on a variety of ideas to explain the rock formations he saw around him, but according to Playfair, he â€Å"was in no haste to publish his theory; for he was one of those who are much more delighted with the contemplation of truth, than with the praise of having discovered it. † After some 25 years of work, his Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, first by his friend Joseph Black on March 7, 1785, and the second by himself on April 4, 1785. He subsequently read an abstract of his dissertation Concerning the System of the Earth, its Duration and Stability to the Society meeting on July 4, 1785, which he had printed and circulated privately. In it, his theory states that the solid part of the present land appears in general, to have been composed of the productions of the sea, and of other materials similar to those now found upon the shores. Hence we find reason to conclude:  ·That the land on which we rest is not simple and original, but that it is a composition, and has been formed by the operation of second causes.  ·That before the present land was made, there had subsisted a world composed of sea and land, in which were tides and currents, with such operations at the bottom of the sea as now take place.  ·That while the present land is forming at the bottom of the ocean, the former land maintained plants and animals; at least the sea was then inhabited by animals, in a similar manner as it is presently. Hence we are led to conclude, that the greater part of our land, if not the whole had been produced by operations natural to this globe; but that in order to make this land a permanent body, resisting the operations of the waters, two things must be required.  ·The consolidation of masses formed by collections of loose or incoherent materials.  ·The elevation of those consolidated masses from the bottom of the sea, the place where they were collected, to the stations in which they now remain above the level of the ocean. At Glen Tilt in the Cairngorm Mountains in the Scottish Highlands, Hutton found granite penetrating metamorphic schists, in a way, which indicated that the granite had been molten at the time. This showed him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock, not precipitation out of water, as others at the time had believed, and that the granite must be younger than the schists. He went on to find a similar penetration of volcanic rock through sedimentary rock near the center of Edinburgh, at Salisbury Crags, adjoining Arthur’s Seat, which is now known as Hutton’s Section. He found other examples on the Isle of Arran, also known as Hutton’s Unconformity and in Galloway. In 1787, Hutton noted what is now known as the Hutton Unconformity at Inchbonny, Jedburgh, in layers of sedimentary rock. Hutton reasoned that there must have been several cycles, each involving deposition on the seabed, uplift with tilting and erosion, then undersea again for further layers to be deposited, and there have been many cycles before over an extremely long history. Although Hutton privately circulated printed version of the abstract of his Theory, which he read at a meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on July 4, 1785, the theory as read at the March 7, 1785 and April 4, 1785 meetings did not appear in print until 1788. It was titled Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe and appeared in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Following criticism, especially Richard Kirwan’s, who thought he was an atheist and not logical, among other things, Hutton published a two volume version of his theory in 1795, consisting of the 1788 version of his theory that included slight additions along with a lot of material drawn from shorter papers Hutton already had to hand on various subjects such as the origin of granite. It included a review of alternative theories, such as those of Thomas Burnet and Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon. This whole was entitled An Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge and of the Progress of Reason, from Sense to Science and Philosophy when the third volume was completed in 1794. Its 2,138 pages prompted Playfair to remark that â€Å"The great size of the book, and the obscurity which may justly be objected to many parts of it, have probably prevented it from being received as it deserves†. His new theories placed him into opposition with the then-popular Neptunist theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner that all rocks had precipitated out of single enormous flood. Hutton proposed that the interior of the Earth was hot, and that this heat was the engine, which drove the creation of new rock; land was eroded by air and water and deposited into stone, and uplifted it into new lands. This theory was dubbed â€Å"Plutonist† in contrast to the flood-oriented theory. As well as combating the Neptunists, he also opened up the concept of deep time for scientific purposes, in opposition to Catastrophism. Rather than accepting that the Earth was no more than a few thousand years old, he maintained that the Earth must be much older, with a istory extending indefinitely into the distant past. His main line of argument was that the tremendous displacements and changes he was seeing did not happen in a short period of time by means of catastrophe, but that processes still happening on earth in the present day had caused them. As these processes were very gradual, the Earth needed to be ancient, in order to allow time for the changes. Before long, scie ntific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of years- still too short when compared with what is known as in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement. The prose of Principles of Knowledge was so obscure, in fact, that it also impeded the acceptance of Hutton’s geological theories. Restatements of his geological ideas by John Playfair in 1802 and then Charles Lyell in the 1830s removed this hindrance. If anything, Hutton’s ideas were eventually accepted too well. At least some of the initial resistance to modern scientific ideas like plate tectonics and asteroid strikes causing mass extinctions can be attributed to too-strict adherence to uniformitarianism. It was not merely the Earth to which Hutton directed his attention. He had long studied the changes of the atmosphere. The same volume in which his Theory of Earth appeared contained also a Theory of Rain. He contended that the amount of moisture, which the air can retain in solution, increases with temperature, and, therefore, that on the mixture of two masses of air of different temperatures a portion of the moisture must be condensed and appear in visible form. He investigated the available data regarding rainfall and climate in different regions of the globe, and came to the conclusion that the rainfall is regulated by the humidity of the air on the one hand, and mixing of different air currents in the higher atmosphere on the other. In conclusion, James Hutton was a great man who did many things. On a more personal note, reading and learning about him peaked my curiosity in the things that we are learning in Earth Science class, and also to an extent in Geography. Before reading this, I didn’t really care about geology or rocks, for that matter. But after reading this, it sort of made me want to learn more about geology. Bibliography Page 1. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/277702/James-Hutton 2. plutonism. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. 1 September 2008 merriam-webster. com/dictionary/plutonism

Strategic planning at Canon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic planning at Canon - Essay Example Canon is a firm that is already well established in the global market. The success of the firm can be considered as the result of a well structured strategic planning process where the needs of the firm’s departments are aligned and are appropriately served through flexible strategic measures. At the time when the firm established – in 1957 – the use of strategic planning for the promotion of a firm’s interests was limited. Through the years, the firm managed to improve its strategic plans responding to the customer demands but also to the global competition – which has been increased at quite high levels the last decade. The firm has chosen to apply three different – in terms of their duration - strategic plans. In the short term, the improvement of the firm’s finances has been set as a priority – the pressure of the global competition is clear. In the medium term, however, the firm chooses to focus on its goals and its resources (both capital and human resources). In the long term, the criteria for the development of the firm’s strategic choices are going to be reviewed; the improvement of the firm’s position in the global market (1st position in the specific industrial sectors worldwide) would be then an achievable target. The success of the strategic planning process used by the firm can be proved primarily by its performance. In accordance with the figures related with the firm’s activities – as included in its financial statements – the sales of Canon have been increased to 3,468 billion (2004) from 4.2 billion in the first year that the firm entered the particular industry (in 1950). The particular elements of the firm’s strategic planning process can be identified in Figure 5 (Appendix). The range of the firm’s products is significant including computer, optical products, photocopiers and cameras. The significant advantage of the firm towards its competitors can be identified to its

Discuss Nurse Practice Act related to abandonment Essay

Discuss Nurse Practice Act related to abandonment - Essay Example Every state in America has its own version of NPA and there may be differences in the application and interpretation of a law for a specific Nursing Board. However, it is important to note every state does not include the patient abandonment in its version of NPA. Patient abandonment is usually safeguarded through Business and Professions Code, disciplinary actions, Common Law practices and administrative legislation prevalent is a state or country. â€Å"On the other hand, not all laws governing the practice of nursing are found in "the Act" or its' regulations. Legal obligations common to various licensed healthcare professionals will apply to nurses.† (Erickson, p. 1, 2006). There is no concrete definition of abandonment because it can take forms and shapes, which are required to be interpreted within an available legal framework. In some cases, it may occur in denial of extra shift duty or an assigned task. However, nursing is a serious obligation either it is a normal shi ft duty or an extra one. â€Å"Once a nurse has accepted a patient assignment, he or she is accountable for providing competent care to the assigned patients.† (Lewis, p. 118, 2001).

Negotiating One's Salary and Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Negotiating One's Salary and Benefits - Essay Example Writing out applications and covering letters, attaching resumes and visiting job interviews till one is selected is a laborious process but one does ultimately learn what works and what doesn’t in the real world. The proof is that one, finally, gets the job - now what comes next? The question of salary and benefits during the selection process has brought out varying reactions from a number of different candidates. While some people embrace it as a way of proving their net worth in the market place, others fear and label it as unpleasant because it is likely to intervene in negotiations and could keep them back from joining a company. Thus, negotiating salary and benefits refers to the ability to know what the worth of your skills is on the marketplace. This is a tremendously essential requirement for job seekers who want to be shown the career paths available in an organization. Salary negotiation typically starts after the candidate has proved of some value or purpose to an employer or even on the basis of his or her job profile, career path adopted so far and prospects and potential for the future that an employer sees in them. Sometimes a candidate can overvalue himself or herself and, thus, disqualify oneself out of the reckoning for the final selection. In an employer’s market especially during a downturn this can leave many worthy, experienced and capable candidates feeling undervalued or not being required. If the candidate relents and joins the organization at a lower salary than he is worth. , no doubt the employer will get excited and eager to welcome the candidate but this euphoria will typically be short-lived since the candidate is liable to switch in the event of a better position available elsewhere at a later juncture. It is clear that the salary and benefits issue remains paramount in the job market, as well as opportunities for promotion and growth in employment because it has been seen that management is already intent about taking the best of value from an employee but hesitates to pay him or her what they are really worth. What organizations don’t realize are that it takes a lot of time and effort to advertise, recruit, interview, select, orient and train every employee and there are a lot of resources involved in training and development of an individual. It is customary for both prospective employer and job seekers to engage in these activities. So if the rewards and promotions are not commensurate with the efforts that the employees are putting in, ultimately they will leave and join other organizations, primarily competitors in the same industry. Looking at salary and benefits as part of the total compensation package is a much better prospect. As long as the emoluments are enough to keep the home fires burning, the inexperienced candidates should understand that their qualifications will be undervalued until they can attach some relevance to it in terms of earned experience or projects handled and completed so that they get some feeling of the real world in action. After spending at least 2 to 3 years in their first job they can claim to have learned the ropes and begin to hold their own in

Dinoflagellates And Bioluminescence Emission

Dinoflagellates And Bioluminescence Emission Bioluminescence is the emission of light from living organisms, without giving out appreciable or no heat. It is basically a 100% efficient system. Virtually all of the energy generated is converted into light with almost none lost in heat or sound production. It is literally a cold fire. The light results from a chemical reaction mediated by enzymes and involving specialized molecules in the organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in species too numerous to list but the most recognizable ones include dinoflagellates, some jellyfish and fireflies. Dinoflagellates and fireflies are by far the most common sources of bioluminescence in the ocean and on land respectively. Some deep sea fish are equipped with organs that produce luminescence to which prey is attracted. The flashes emitted by male and female fireflies are used as species specific signals for mating. The use of bioluminescence in an organism can be to evade predators, attacking its enemies, camouflage, food, attracting their mate s or sometimes due to organisms inside an organism. Dinoflagellates are unicellular aquatic organisms which come under the order Dinoflagellida and the class Phytomastigophorea with two uneven flagella for locomotion. Several thousand species of dinoflagellates are known to mankind. Most contain chlorophyll and are photosynthetic. Among these there are the diatoms, which are the primary producers of energy in the ocean food chain. Like many complex one celled organisms, dinoflagellates show traits of both animals and plants and are claimed by zoologists as protozoans and by botanists as algae. They are mostly marine creatures and in warm shallow waters they sometimes reproduce in enormous numbers resulting in a bloom. Many species of dinoflagellates are bioluminescent. Both heterotrophic and autotrophic dinoflagellates are known. Some can be both. They form a significant part of primary planktonic production in both oceans and lakes. Most dinoflagellates go through moderately complex life cycles involving several steps, sexual and ase xual, motile and non-motile. Some species form cysts composed of sporopollenin, and preserve as fossils. Dinoflagellates display considerable morphological variations and many share a common anatomical pattern during at least one stage of their life cycle. Most of them have two flagella inserted into their cell wall via the flagellar pores at approximately the same location. In many one of the flagella wraps around the cell and is known as the transverse flagellum, while the other longitudinal flagellum extends tangentially to the cell, perpendicular to the plane of the transverse flagellum. The beating of the longitudinal flagellum and the transverse flagellum imparts a forward and spiraling swimming motion, and defines the anterior and the posterior. The flagellar pore and point of flagellar insertion defines the ventral with the opposite side dorsal. Left and right sides of the cell are then defined as in most organisms. Basic anatomy of a thecate, dinokont dinoflagellate A depression occurs on the ventral surface at the point of flagellar insertion, and is known as the sulcus. The transverse flagellum occurs in a furrow known as the cingulum which encircles the cell except where it is interrupted by the sulcus on the ventral surface. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is subdivided into multiple polygonal amphiesmal vesicles of varying numbers from half a dozen to hundreds. In some dinoflagellates, these vesicles are filled with relatively thick cellulose plates with bounding sutures. When this occurs, the cell wall is referred to as a theca. Dinoflagellates possessing a theca are often referred to as armored dinoflagellates, while the ones which lack are referred to as naked dinoflagellates. Redrawn from Fensome et al. 1996 Schematic life cycle history of dinoflagellates Coming to the life cycle of dinoflagellates which is multi-staged and about 6 stages can be clearly identified in peridiniales dinoflagellates. The six stages are: When rapid growth and a population expansion is observed vegetative propagation dominates and takes over. Now the schizonts act as gametes and pair up to form zygotes. Due to this process one or more theca may be lost. A new theca is formed from the new diploid zygote. The activity level of the cell decreases, and with time the flagella is lost. This zygote is termed as a hypnozygote. When the theca is separated and broken and decayed the cyst is formed and completed. The cyst now settles down in the bottom on the sea. After the period of dormancy the theca is grown again and it becomes motile. For an organism to give off light, at least two chemicals are required in the presence of oxygen and the energy molecule ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate). The one which produces the light is generically called a luciferin and the one that drives or catalyzes the reaction is called a luciferase. Luciferase is the enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of luciferin which is the basic substrate in bioluminescent reactions. The basic reaction follows the sequence illustrated above: The luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin. Resulting in light and an inactive oxyluciferin. In most cases, fresh luciferin must be brought into the system, either through the diet or by internal synthesis. Sometimes the luciferin and luciferase are bound together in a single unit called a photo protein. This molecule can be triggered to produce light when a particular type of ion is added to the system (say calcium as it happens in the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria). Dinoflagellate luciferin is thought to be derived from chlorophyll, and has a very similar structure. In the genus Gonyaulax, at pH 8 the molecule is protected from the luciferase by a luciferin-binding protein, but when the pH lowers to around 6, the free luciferin reacts and light is produced. The structure of the luciferin in a dinoflagellate The ability to produce luminescence is strictly dependent upon the day or night cycle. In a twelve hour light or twelve hour dark cycle, dinoflagellates will only flash brightly during the dark phase. Light emitted is brightest after several hours of darkness. Early in the morning, glowing activity is reduced and they no longer give off light upon shaking or disturbing them. During the day, the dinoflagellates appear as ellipse shaped cells, pigmented red, indicating the presence of chlorophyll which enables photosynthesis to occur so they may harvest light from the sun. The luminescence is transient and the cells soon return to their resting state. Most cells flash for less than a second, however others appear toglow for 1-6 seconds. Upon repeated stimulation, light emission is much reduced. Within about half an hour of rest, the luminescence becomes brighter again. 12 hour light cycle Bioluminescence is used to evade predators which act as a type of burglar alarm for defense mechanism in dinoflagellates. They produce light when the deformation of the cell by minute forces triggers its luminescence. When the cell is disturbed by a predator, it will give a light flash lasting 0.1 to 0.5 seconds. The flash is meant to attract a secondary predator that will be more likely to attack the predator that is trying to consume the dinoflagellate. The light flash also makes the predator jump and worry about other predators attacking it, making the predator less likely to prey on the dinoflagellate.2 In most dinoflagellates, bioluminescence is controlled by an internal biological rhythm. They are on a circadian rhythm. Towards the end of daylight, luminous chemicals are packaged in vesicles called scintillons. The scintillons then migrate to the cytoplasm from the area around the nucleus. It is not currently known how the scintillons are moved to the cytoplasm. During the night light is triggered by mechanical stimulation. When action potential generates in the vacuole, the action potential propagates throughout the rest of the cell. This allows protons to pass from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm becomes acidified, normally by hydrogen ions and the process is activated in the scintillons. Dinoflagellates have distinct chromosomes through the whole cell cycle although their condensation patterns vary during interphase, with a maximum unwinding corresponding with the peak of replication in S phase. They are attached to the nuclear envelope and have a unique organization. Free-living dinoflagellates have high chromosome numbers per haploid genome while parasitic dinoflagellates have only a few chromosomes. Chromosomal ultra structure varies during interphase, and lacks the typical banding pattern of mitotic eukaryotic chromosomes, reflecting the genome compartmentalization. Dinochromosomes show a banded and arched organization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and freeze-etching that corresponds to a cholesteric organization of their DNA with a constant left-handed twist. Whole-mount chromosomes have a left-handed screw-like configuration with differentiated roughly spherical ends. Dinomitosis occurs without nuclear envelope breakdown and nucleolar disassembly an d with an extra nuclear mitotic spindle without direct contact with the chromosomes. Dinoflagellates are true eukaryotes that experienced a secondary loss of histones during evolution, constituting the only living eukaryotic knockouts of histones. The ancestral group of the alveolates, that includes the dinoflagellates, had eukaryotic histones as observed in ciliates and apicomplexans suggesting that dinoflagellates may have experienced a secondary loss of histones, and a set of primitive bacterial HLP may have been reintroduced from a prokaryotic source by gene transfer. Dinoflagellates have significant genomic differences compared with higher eukaryotes at all levels, from base composition and methylation, to the structural organization of their DNA and chromosomal domains, that nevertheless led to a similar organization and functioning of nuclear domains. The exact way they use to regulate gene silencing and activation without histones is still unknown, although the high proportion of base methylation could be involved. The very mention of red tides brings to mind the fear of dead fish and toxic seafood. Red tide is a naturally occurring, higher than normal concentration of the microscopic algae. The massive multiplication of these tiny, single-celled algae is usually found in warm saltwater and is commonly referred to as a bloom. Even though they are important producers and a key component to the food chain, dinoflagellates are also known for producing deadly toxins, especially when they are present in large numbers. They can not only kill a large range of marine species, but can also impart fatal toxins into several species, especially shellfish. Usually deadly to finfish, shellfish are relatively unaffected. These shellfish may then be eaten by humans, who are then affected by the stored toxins.

Essay --

The crude extract was retrieved by homogenizing the bovine muscle tissue. The total enzyme in the muscle tissue can be illustrated through the total activity present in the crude extract, which was 5500 Â ± 200 units. Next the 40% ammonium sulfate step was performed. Ammonium sulfate was slowly added to a beaker that contained the crude extract until a 40% saturation level was reached. After centrifugation the pellet (which contained low soluble proteins and other cellular debris) was discarded and the supernatant was kept. The total protein was 124 Â ± 6 mg and the specific activity was 4500 Â ± 300 units. This resulted in a specific activity of 36 Â ± 4 units/mg. The yield was calculated to be 82 Â ± 9% and the purification factor was 1.4 Â ± 0.3. There was not much of an increase in the purity, but there was a decrease in the total protein and the specific activity as compared to the crude extract which suggests that that unwanted protein was removed during this purification step. Performing the 60% ammonium sulfate step further purified the 40% supernatant. The ammonium sulfate and was added to the 40% supernatant until a 60% saturation level was reached. This was then centrifuged, but this time the pellet was kept while the supernatant (which contained material such as nucleic acids and sugars) was discarded. The total protein recovered was 56.4 Â ± 0.4 mg and the total activity was 4140 Â ± 50 units. This produced a specific activity of 73 Â ± 1 units/mg. The yield was calculated to be 76 Â ± 4% and the purification factor was 2.8 Â ± 0.3. Each of these steps was consistent with the trends present in the theoretical values data because the purity increased. This indicates that the unwanted material was removed so that the 60% pellet can be us... ...olecular weight). By using the protein concentration and enzyme concentration of E10 and E11 the specific activity values can be calculated. The specific activity of E10 is 497.68 units/mg and E11 is 516.6 units/mg. The m form is assumed to have a lower binding affinity (lower Km) so this would elute out first thus we can conclude that the m form is present in the E10 fraction and the h form is present in the E11 fraction. The isozymes are assumed to have the same molecular weight but varying charge strength. With this information an ion exchange column can be performed in order to help separate the isozymes. For an anion exchange column the beads would be positive. By making one of the isozymes more negative it would bind to the beads while the other isozyme would elute out. A gel column can then be performed to confirm the presence of different isozymes.

The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz

Joshua Pauly Professor Hsu Artistic/Cultural Plunge Essay 11 April 2013 The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz On Wednesday April 10th I decided to go to the Kaffee Meister Coffeehouse, located at 9225 Carlton Hills Blvd Santee Ca. 92071, for the specific reason of enjoying some Jazz music played by the San Diego based Gypsy Swing Cats. I was quite impressed with how they performed by mixing an energetic and innovated blend of Swing, Jazz, and Blues. From what I observed, their music merges Gypsy melodies and rhythms, with the influences of American Jazz reminiscent of Paris in the 1930's: cool, charming, and classy.The music of the Gypsy Swing Cats is thoroughly modern infused with the wild, mysteriously free and exciting Gypsy flavors. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. Their highly rhythmic sound will electrify your listening experience with a new exciting energy. Gypsy Jazz, also known as Gypsy Swing, is a musi cal expression often said to have been started by guitarist Jean â€Å"Django† Reinhardt. He was foremost amongst a group of Gypsy guitarists working in and around Paris in the 1930's.The music combined the exciting sound of American Jazz that transformed the old into the new. The guitarists supercharged the music further by adding Swing to the fire and melancholia of the unique Gypsy sound. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. My dad is a big fan of Jazz music and he played it a lot around me when I was growing up, but I never really paid attention to it or who the famous musicians of the genre were.Yeah, this Jazz music was and still is very soothing to my mind, but I just personally never had any drive to listen to it on my own. After Hearing The Gypsy Swing Cats’ band play this genre of music that I was not very familiar with, I decided to embark on a journey of discovering something new to add to my not-s o-vastly knowledgeable brain, how Jazz was born. Jazz started when World War I had just ended and a social revolution was on its way. Customs and values of previous social norms were rejected. Life was to be lived to the fullest.This was also known as the era of the â€Å"lost generations,† and the â€Å"flapper† with her rolled stockings, short skirts, and straight up-and-down look. They disturbed their elders in the casino, night clubs, and speakeasies that replaced the ballrooms of prewar days. Dancing became more informal. At the close of the nineteenth century in the unpleasant dance halls and brothels of the South and Midwest, the word Jazz commonly meant sexual intercourse. Southern blacks, delivered from slavery a few decades before, started playing European music with Afro modifications.The first place of jazz has many origins: New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis, and Kansas City are just a few. But New Orleans was and still remains an important jazz center. The e thnic rainbow of people who went to the bars and brothels were a big part of the development of jazz. This city had been under Spanish French rule because of the Louisiana Purchase. By 1900 New Orleans was a blend of Spanish, French, English, German, Italian, Slavic and countless blacks originally brought in the country as slaves.The first jazz bands contained a â€Å"rhythm section† consisting of a string bass, drums, and a guitar or banjo, and a â€Å"melodic section† with one or two cornets, a trombone, a clarinet, and sometimes even a violin. Years later, jazz was taken over by large orchestras; A â€Å"society jazz† contained fifteen or more musicians. Today, there is a renewed interest in the â€Å"big band† era, even though the music has very little to do with real jazz. Jazz is characterized by certain features. The first is a tendency to stress the weak beats of the bar (2nd and 4th) in contrast to traditional music which stressed the first and t hird beats.The second feature is syncopation through an extensive repetition of short and strongly rhythmic phrases or â€Å"riffs†. The third feature of jazz is swing (regular but subtle pulsation which animates 4/4 time). The swing must be present in every good jazz performance. Jazz as a musical style it has been with us for more than a century. Jazz originated in the United States, It has spread over the entire world, and its influence can be seen everywhere. It is a universal language and means of communication, understood by people in all nations and all walks of life.It has been a major influence on many styles and classes of music since its origin in the late 1800's. It has also influenced dance, clothing styles, the recording industry, the film industry, radio and television, our language, and many other aspects of our lives. One major contributor to jazz was Louis Daniel Armstrong who was born in the Storyville District of New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901. He always celebrated his birth as July 4, 1900 because that is what he was told and believed.His real date of birth was not known until after his death July 6, 1971. His father Willie, a laborer, left the family soon after he was born, his mother, a domestic servant and a part time prostitute called Mayanne, left Louis and his sister Beatrice, also called Mama Lucy, in the care of his grandma much of the time, however he always believed the love of his family helped him make it through those rough times. Louis dressed in rags and usually shopped in garbage cans. He sang with other boys on the streets for tips and began to develop his musical talents.At this time in his life, it was not a promising time for young Louis. To celebrate the New Year in 1913 Louis discharged a borrowed pistol into the air and was arrested. A very fortunate occurrence for Jazz and probably for him, he was then sent to the city's Colored Waif's Home for Boys, where he came under the very capable tutorship o f Peter Davis, the music instructor at the home. Louis had some background in harmony singing, as a natural ability, and the experience of singing on the streets, but under Mr.Davis he began to study music. First vocals, then percussion, then he became the home bugler, and finally cornet. The music was very structured mostly marches and other ensemble music. When being released from the waif's home at age fourteen, Louis worked selling papers, unloading boats, and selling coal from a horse and cart. He also listened to bands at clubs like the Come Clean Dance Hall and Mahogany Hall, in Storyville. Joe â€Å"King† Oliver with the Kid Ory Band was his favorite and he quickly became young Louis's mentor.By 1917 Louis was playing in various groups at dive bars in New Orleans' Storyville section. In 1919 he joined Fate Marable's band in St. Louis, and stayed with him until 1921. Marable headed a band and he played in Zutty Singleton's Trio, Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Orchestra, The Si lver Leaf Band, and When King Oliver left New Orleans in 1919 to go to Chicago, Louis took his place in Kid Ory's band, at the suggestion of Oliver. In 1922 Louis received a telegram from Joe Oliver, asking him to join his Creole Jazz Band at Lincoln Gardens in Chicago.Louis learned much working with Oliver. The experience of playing second cornet helped to develop his ear and harmonies, and, the importance of playing straight lead, as Oliver did, were lessons that he would use for the remainder of his life. While playing in Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, Louis met Lillian Hardin the piano player for the band, and they were married in February of 1924. By the end of 1924 she pressured Louis to leave the Oliver band. He moved to New York to play in Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra for 13 months.While in New York he worked many recording sessions with numerous Blues singers including Bessie Smith on her 1925 classic recording of â€Å"St. Louis Blues†. In 1925 Armstrong moved back to Chicago and joined his wife's band at the Dreamland. He recorded his first Hot Five records that same year. This was the first time Louis had made records under his own name. The records made by Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven are considered to be absolute jazz classics and the peak of his creative powers. The band never played live, but continued recording until 1928.Louis Armstrong died in 1969 his manager was Joe Glaser. According to records the first person to play jazz music was a man born in 1878, the legendary Buddy Bolden. The old-time musicians say that Buddy Bolden was â€Å"the first musician to start the big noise in Jazz. † They say he'd shine his cornet â€Å"till it glistened like a woman's legs†. Then he'd put his horn out the window and say to his band, â€Å"Let's call the children home†. He would blow and his children would come running. It has also been said that, â€Å"his trumpet could be heard all over New Orleans, and even acro ss the river in Algiers†.

Results of Poor Cross Cultural Awareness Essay Example

Results of Poor Cross Cultural Awareness Essay Example Results of Poor Cross Cultural Awareness Paper Results of Poor Cross Cultural Awareness Paper Having a poor understanding of the influence of cross cultural differences in areas such as management, PR, advertising and negotiations can eventually lead to blunders that can have damaging consequences. It is crucial for todays business personnel to understand the impact of cross cultural differences on business, trade and internal company organization. The success or failure of a company, venture, merger or acquisition is essentially in the hands of people. If these people are not cross culturally aware then misunderstandings, offence and a breakdown in communication can occur. The need for greater cross cultural awareness is heightened in our global economies. Cross cultural differences in matters such as language, etiquette, non-verbal communication, norms and values can, do and will lead to cross cultural blunders. Cross cultural blunders that could have been avoided with appropriate cross cultural awareness training are as following: 1. Locum is a Swedish company. As most companies do at Christmas they sent out Christmas cards to customers. In 1991, they decided to give their logo a little holiday spirit by replacing the o in Locum with a heart. 2. The Japanese company Matsushita Electric was promoting a new Japanese PC for internet users. Panasonic created the new web browser and had received license to use the cartoon character Woody Woodpecker as an interactive internet guide. The day before the huge marketing campaign, Panasonic realized its error and pulled the plug. The ads for the new product featured the following slogan: Touch Woody The Internet Pecker. The company only realized its cross cultural blunder when an embarrassed American explained what Touch Woodys Pecker could be interpreted as! 3. The Swedish furniture giant IKEA somehow agreed upon the name FARTFULL for one of its new desks. 4. In the late 1970s, Wang, the American computer company could not understand why its British branches were refusing to use its latest motto Wang Cares. Of course, to British ears this sounds too close to Wankers which would not really give a very positive image to any company. 5. There are several examples of companies getting tangled up with bad translations of products due to the word mist. Irish Mist (an alcoholic drink), Mist Stick (a curling iron from Clairol) and Silver Mist (Rolls Royce car) all flopping as mist in German means dung/manure. Fancy a glass of Irish dung. 6. Traficante and Italian mineral water found a great reception in Spains underworld. In Spanish it translates as drug dealer. 7. In 2002, Umbro the UK sports manufacturer had to withdraw its new trainers (sneakers) called the Zyklon. The firm received complaints from many organizations and individuals as it was the name of the gas used by the Nazi regime to murder millions of Jews in concentration camps. 8. Sharwoods, a UK food manufacturer, spent  £6 million on a campaign to launch its new Bundh sauces. It received calls from numerous Punjabi speakers telling them that bundh sounded just like the Punjabi word for arse. 9. Honda introduced their new car Fitta into Nordic countries in 2001. If they had taken the time to undertake some cross cultural marketing research they may have discovered that Fitta was an old word used in vulgar language to refer to a womans genitals in Swedish, Norwegian and Danish. In the end they renamed it Honda Jazz. 10. A nice cross cultural example of the fact that all pictures or symbols are not interpreted the same across the world: staff at the African port of Stevadores saw the internationally recognized symbol for fragile (i.e. broken wine glass) and presumed it was a box of broken glass. Rather than waste space they threw all the boxes into the sea. 11. Pepsodent tried to sell its toothpaste in Southeast Asia by emphasizing that it whitens your teeth. They found out that the local natives chew betel nuts to blacken their teeth which they find attractive. 12. Bacardi concocted a fruity drink with the name Pavian to suggest French chic but Pavian means baboon in German. 13. In 1995, Nintendo has set the gaming world on fire with their new DS system, built entirely around its touch screen. A Korean company wanting to make a piece of dictionary software that takes advantage of the touch screen capabilities. Touch Dictionary just needed to shorten it up, to make it snappier, something cool that the kids will remember, hence â€Å"Touch Dic.† 14. The American Dairy Associations huge success with its campaign Got Milk? prompted them to expand advertising to Mexico. It was soon brought to their attention that the Spanish translation read Are you lactating? 15. When Gerber first started selling baby food in Africa, they used the same packaging as in the USA with a cute baby on the label. Later they found out that in Africa, companies routinely put pictures on the label of what is inside since many people cannot read! 16. A company advertised eyeglasses in Thailand by featuring a variety of cute animals wearing glasses. The ad was a poor choice since animals are considered to be a form of low life and no self respecting. Thai would wear anything worn by animals. 17. The soft drink Fresca was being promoted by a saleswoman in Mexico. She was surprised that her sales pitch was greeted with laughter, and later embarrassed when she learned that fresca is slang for lesbian. 18. A soft drink was introduced into Arab countries with an attractive label that had stars on itsix-pointed stars. The Arabs interpreted this as pro-Israeli and refused to buy it. Another label was printed in ten languages, one of which was Hebrewagain the Arabs did not buy it. In addition to interpersonal cross cultural gaffes, the translation of documents, brochures, advertisements and signs also offer some comical cross cultural blunders. 19. Kellogg had to rename its Bran Buds cereal in Sweden when it discovered that the name roughly translated to burned farmer. 20. When PepsiCo advertised Pepsi in Taiwan with the ad Come Alive With Pepsi they had no idea that it would be translated into Chinese as Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the dead. 21. American medical containers were distributed in Great Britain and caused quite a stir. The instructions to Take off top and push in bottom, innocuous to Americans, had very strong sexual connotations to the British. 22. In Italy, a campaign for Schweppes Tonic Water translated the name into Schweppes Toilet Water. 23. United Airlines unknowingly got off on the wrong foot during its initial flights from Hong Kong. To commemorate the occasion, they handed out white carnations to the passengers. When they learned that to many Asians white flowers represent bad luck and even death, they changed to red carnations 24. A famous drug company marketed a new remedy in the United Arab Emirates. To avoid any mistakes they used pictures. The first picture was of someone ill, the next picture showed the person taking the medication, the last picture showed them looking well. What they forgot is that in the Arab world people read from right to left! In conclusion, poor cross cultural awareness has many consequences, some serious others comical. It is imperative that in the global economy cross cultural awareness is seen a necessary investment to avoid such blunders.

How to Convert Liters to Milliliters

How to Convert Liters to Milliliters The liter and the milliliter are both key units of volume in the metric system. The method for converting liters to milliliters is demonstrated in this worked example problem. How Many Milliliters in a Liter? The key to working a liter to milliliter problem (or vice versa) is to know the conversion factor. There are 1000 milliliters in each liter. Because this is a factor of 10, you dont actually have to break out the calculator to do a conversion. You can simply move the decimal point. Move it three spaces to the right to convert liters to milliliters (e.g., 5.442 L 5443 ml) or three spaces to the left to convert milliliters to liters (e.g., 45 ml 0.045 L). Problem How many milliliters are in a 5.0-liter canister? Solution 1 liter 1000 mL Set up the conversion so the desired unit will be cancelled out. In this case, we want mL to be the remaining unit. Volume in mL (Volume in L) x (1000 mL/1 L) Volume in mL 5.0 L x (1000 mL/1 L) Volume in mL 5000 mL Answer There are 5000 mL in a 5.0-liter canister. Check your answer to make sure it makes sense. There are 1000 times more milliliters than liters, so the milliliter number should be much greater than the liter number. Also, since we are multiplying by a factor of 10, the value of the digits wont change. Its only a matter of moving the decimal point.

Paper #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper #2 - Essay Example For instance demonstrations against the war in Iraq, or campaigning on environmental issues by the environmentalist lobby shows that there is plenty of political activity in the United States that bypasses the main political parties. The Democrats and Republicans have made efforts in recent elections to increase voter turnout particularly in marginal states or the larger states such as California and New York. The political parties sometimes target particular social groups to increase their share of the popular vote, for instance African – Americans, Hispanic –Americans, and women. In marginal states or close elections extra turnout in these groups makes all the difference between victory and defeat. The actual electoral system for presidential elections came under greater scrutiny in the wake of the 2000 election which hung in the balance for weeks whilst judges considered the validity of spoilt ballot papers in Miami. Even the strongest supporters of the Electoral College have never claimed it is a proportional system, though the candidate with the largest number of votes generally wins. However neither of the main political parties would support another electoral system, as they would not expect such a close result again. Another problem is related to the time between the presidential election and the inauguration of the next president, there is only three months for legal decisions to be made in. Patterson notes that pressure groups, the media, and television coverage can have a profound affect on American politics and society. Those influences can sometimes be regarded as beneficial and sometimes detrimental (the category chosen can depend on personal subjective opinion). Patterson is not alone in suggesting that some pressure groups seem to have an unhealthy influence upon American society and politics. The media has great influence over public opinion, and has the power to

History of Search Engines Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Search Engines - Dissertation Example nt of time, the files used to remain spread on unidentified public FTP servers which were only able to be found when someone declared a particular file’s availability through email and discussion forum or such similar sources. After a time-span of a year a dispersed search as well as recovery system procedure for documents known by the name of Gopher, was made available in the Internet. This was developed by a team of researchers belonging to the University of Minnesota. This release of Gopher was trailed by the emergence of few programs of searching known as Jughead as well as Veronica. These programs were stated to explore those files which were grouped in the directory systems of Gopher and made available a search related to the records and names with the help of a keyword on the numerous servers of Gopher (Gasser, 2006). Accessing the Internet speedily stretched outside its earlier area of research which was of industrial organizations and academic world. This reformation and alteration took place after the World Wide Web (WWW), which was made available publicly from August 1991, achieved vital mass in the year 1993. This was achieved with the help of the emergence of ‘Mosaic’ which was a web browser. ‘Mosaic’ was stated to be the initial program that offered a user a graphical user interface. Corresponding to the emergence of ‘Mosaic’, the earliest search engine of Web came forward. Wandex which was a directory of confined Universal Resource Locator (URL) and was founded on the earliest web crawler known as the World Wide Web Wanderer was developed. This was initially developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for the reason of tracking the progress of the web. At the similar time, a range of search engines surfaced, entailing Aliweb.... This essay discusses that the information or data will be collected from secondary sources such as library materials. The sources will include journals, books, reports, articles, and magazines. This will be observed to be quite suitable for the research study owing to the easy accessibility and the broad mixture of sources which will assist in making the research more precise and correct. It is important that the information is gathered from the right sources. The legitimacy of the sources considered in this study will also be considered as a reason for selecting this process.The way of evaluating the information in this research study will be with the help of qualitative method. The qualitative method will be selected for the study as the data collected will consist of a wide range of information which will be to a certain extent impossible to be quantified. From the above discussion, the history of the search engines can be evidently traced. It can be inferred from the history that various search engines were released owing to their importance. Constant innovations were made so as to enhance the functions of the search engines. The amount of people browsing the web has been increasing with every passing day and so is the requirement of search engines. These not only aid in narrowing down one’s search but is also being used a source of promotion by the companies. The research will help to provide a pertinent reflection on this valuable factor in the global Internet platform.

Leadership and decision making in organizations Assignment

Leadership and decision making in organizations - Assignment Example le in order to fulfil targets with honesty, acting in a transparent manner and possessing skilfulness, particularly in executing planning functions (Leatherman, 2008). Conceptually, these mentioned qualities strongly affirm that leadership often contributes in managing organisations in an effective manner, mitigating any possible threat, risk or vulnerability to the organisations’ sustainability. In this regard, leadership supports in managing organisations, facilitating effective communication amid every organisational member, fostering teamwork, exploiting the accessible resources effectively and most vitally making crucial decisions (Clegg & et. al., 2011; Grey, 2012). On the other hand, decision-making is often viewed as a cognitive procedure, which may result in selecting relevant course of actions amid numerous available options or alternative scenarios. Decision making is often viewed as one of the imperative responsibilities for leaders towards the accomplishment of or ganisational goals and objectives. Correspondingly, making effective decisions by a leader ultimately impose extensive impacts upon developing the overall performances and managing various crucial aspects of an organisation. The significance of decision-making is usually attributed to the fact that the decisions are generally made by the leaders in an organisation, demonstrating the values of the people associated within it, either directly or indirectly, which results in improving the overall performances of the organisation (Johnson, 2010). Correspondingly, this paper intends to discuss about the negative effects of leadership, particularly on employee and organisational productions. Moreover, a critical evaluation regarding the interrelation between leadership and production in organisations...On the other hand, decision-making is often viewed as a cognitive procedure, which may result in selecting relevant course of actions amid numerous available options or alternative scenario s. Decision making is often viewed as one of the imperative responsibilities for leaders towards the accomplishment of organisational goals and objectives. Correspondingly, making effective decisions by a leader ultimately impose extensive impacts upon developing the overall performances and managing various crucial aspects of an organisation. The significance of decision-making is usually attributed to the fact that the decisions are generally made by the leaders in an organisation, demonstrating the values of the people associated within it, either directly or indirectly, which results in improving the overall performances of the organisation (Johnson, 2010). Correspondingly, this paper intends to discuss about the negative effects of leadership, particularly on employee and organisational productions. Moreover, a critical evaluation regarding the interrelation between leadership and production in organisations along with the implications of stress generated by leadership and authority on the work environment, would also be conducted in the following discussion. Various aspects, such as the contribution of leadership to team environment and decision sharing between managers and employees will also be prudently analysed in this paper.

The Jealousy Essay Example for Free

The Jealousy Essay Normally you have to listen to the boring facts before getting started; unfortunately, you will not avoid them this time either. However, it’s probably nice for you to know who writes what you’re going to read and why I have ended up writing this book to help you. You will quickly discover that my book is quite different from many other things that you’ve might read about jealousy. The reason is that my book is more a personal portrayal, rather than a professional book built on a lot of inspiration. The advantage is that you’ll get a very authentic look at jealousy, and it contains a lot of inspiration to keep yourself free from jealousy, without having to feel you are reading text from a psychologist. (Not because there is something wrong with going to a psychologist.) Just so you know, if you read my book to do something about your jealousy, there is a lot of hope for you, because you’ve actually moved beyond the 80% of all others who are jealous and are doing nothing about it. You have acknowledged that you are jealous and need to do something about it fast as possible. You have taken the responsibility without blaming it on others. Well done! It’s important for me to say, that if you don’t take the responsibility yourself, you will keep being jealous until you do. So who am I? My name is Kim Falidan, I’m 25 years old, and I’m living in Copenhagen, Denmark. If you ask me, I study on one of the world’s most â€Å"tasteful† educations, which is the chief cook education. In my spare time, I commit myself to the psychotherapeutic world, which you probably don’t think is a complete coincidence, since I have written an e-book about jealousy.But it wasn’t only the strong passion for the psychotherapeutic world which has inspired me. Just to confuse you further, it is actually the book that inspired me to dig deeper into my hobby.Where did the book come from? It came from a hell †¦ No, I don’t exaggerate, but I wish I did. My eternal and hopeless struggle against jealousy lasted for a period of almost 6 years. It took me 6 years before I got rid of my unhealthy jealousy.I mentioned something about hell, but it couldn’t have been so bad, could it Kim? Well, it was. Jealousy is an emotion that everyone has, some have less and some have more. I was at the high state of jealousy.It’s not because my jealousy has led to physical or mental violence or something, but it has devastated my emotions unbelievably.Jealousy has cost me several relationships, and even more moments in my life, that should have been happy for me.Since you’re here now, you probably already know what I’m talking about.I went down with stress and depression a few times, because of my eternal struggle with and frustration about my jealousy. The jealousy took the people I loved away from me constantly. Not that everyone broke up with me, I actually broke up with them, because the jealousy was killing the love i had and today I feel sorry for them. Those I didn’t break up with I simply scared away, and today I really understand why they reacted like they did. I don’t know if you’ve already experienced something like that yourself, but you can stop it now or make it stop before it happens! I’m sure you’r e reading this book for a reason, and I don’t have to remind you how important it is for you to get rid of jealousy as fast as possible. If you’re reading The Jealousy Book, and doing exactly as I tell you, you’re on the right track. Luckily, I don’t have any more broken doors or furniture in my apartment, though I used to, as a result of a jealousy bomb which exploded from time to time. No, today I’m happy and living with the woman of my life. I have been in love for almost a year now, but that’s another story. It’s quite an amazing love story if you ask me. No matter how jealous you are, you have the strength to defeat it if you get to know yourself better. And you will, right? If your answer is yes – then good, because it’s actually quite easy, you just have to â€Å"wake-up† first and get that green monster out of yourself.There are no excuses, and it takes no time to read about it compared to the difference it can make for your life now and in the future. So go ahead, you’re the only one who can make a difference. I’m really glad you’re here, and I’m sure you’ll be the same after you have read it.For the women who read my boo k, it’s important for me to point out that you can easily read it and get the full benefits. Jealousy is a feeling both sexes have in common in equal measures. And for those with a jealous partner, the above also applies to you. Maybe not because you are jealous yourself, but because you really do have the power to help your partner to become free of jealousy. Believe me; you will thank yourself for it later, and your partner will especially thank you for doing so. Let me be a little metaphorical now. The blood, sweat and tears I’ve felt to get the experience I describe in the book, we can look at from a helicopter’s perspective.The helicopter is in front of you now, free and ready to fly you over the jealousy horizon. My book is the helicopter. You can even determine the color of the helicopter, but I decide where we fly. As I said earlier, it’s the jealousy horizon; we will fly over together in the forthcoming moments. Believe me; you will be amazed about the impact of something as simple as having an overview. While you read the book, you’ll get the opportunity to do some exercises. I recommend that you do them all as well as you can. But there is one very important main exercise throughout the whole book and that is to write down everything you think is important for you to remember. In most cases, you need to have a pen and a paper or maybe a Word document to record the exercises for each chapter. If you do that, you will insure that you get all the personal benefits from my book. Choose the color of your helicopter, and when you feel ready and comfortable, go read on.

Following Janies Developement in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay ex

People grow and develop at different rates. The factors that heavily influence a person's growth are heredity and environment. The people you meet and the experiences you have are very important in what makes a person who he/she is. Janie develops as a woman with the three marriages she has. In each marriage she learns precious lessons, has increasingly better relationships, and realizes how a person is to live his/her life. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, Janie's marriages to Logan Killicks, Jody Starks, and Tea Cake are the most vital elements in her growth as a woman. Janie's marriage to Logan Killicks was the first stage in her growth as a woman. She hoped that her obligatory marriage with Logan would end her solitude and desire for love. Right from the beginning, the solitude in the marriage shows up when Janie sees that his house is a "lonesome place like a stump in the middle of the woods where nobody had ever been" (20). This description of Logan's house is symbolic of the relationship they have. Janie eventually admits to Nanny that she still...

Literary Criticisms Essay

1. What are the different types of Literary Criticisms? * New Criticism / Formalism – This type of criticism concerns itself with the parts of a text and how the parts fit together to make a whole. Because of this, it does not bring in any information outside of the text: biography of the author, historical or literary allusions, mythological patterns, or the psychoanalytical traits of the characters (except those traits specifically described in the text.) * Archetypical or Mythic – This type of criticism looks at traditional meanings in literature. It uses clues such as symbols and images. * Empowerment – This type of criticism concerns the portrayal of social biases toward specific groups and forces readers to understand thematic content since many biases deal with issues such as independence, self-discovery, etc. * Marxist – This type of criticism concerns the representation of social classes, socioeconomic distinctions, and disparities, and the material conditions in which character functions. * Didactic or Moral – This type of criticism looks at the noble attempts literature makes to elevate readers above physical existence into the realm of moral goodness. It asserts that good literature should strengthen us by teaching us what having integrity and values means for society as well as the individual. * Auto/Biographical – This type of criticism attempts to understand literary works through the author’s life (including perceptions and beliefs) * Psychoanalytic – This type of criticism us based on Freudian Principles, it is best explained by briefly discussing and simplifying some terminology used. * Historical or New Historical – This type of criticism examines events surrounding the setting of a work and analyzes it within that context. It emphasizes the age during which the author lived and wrote to construct meaning within a literary work. * Feminist – This type of criticism is concerned with the literary representation of the females. * Deconstructionism – This type of criticism is the fundamental biases in language. This means that language cannot mean one thing. * Reader Response – This type of criticism focuses on the intellectual and emotional connections readers make with a work. It relies on the reader’s reaction to the literature. This type of criticism attempts to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text 2. History of Philippine Literature * August 13, 1898 – The American Forces occupied Manila. * 1899 – English Newspapers were published: The Courier, Insular Press, and Manila Freedom. * April 1900 – President William McKinley directed the Philippines Commission to make English the Official Medium of Instruction for all public schools. * 1900 – The Daily Bulletin was founded. * August 1901 – 600 American Teachers arrived on the transport of Thomas. They replaced the soldiers as Teachers. * 1901 – The Philippine Normal School was founded. This school trained Filipinos in the art of Teaching so that they could eventually take charge of Elementary Education. * 1902 – The Cablenews started. * 1905 – The Philippine Free Press began edited by F. Theodore Rogers. It was a bilingual weekly in English and Spanish. * 1908 – The Philippine Press published the first Filipino Short Stories in English. * 1908 – 1914 – Some students at the University of the Philippines collected and retold, in English, old Filipino Tales. These writings were published and gather by Dean S Fansier on Filipino Popular Tales in 1921. * 1921 – Graduates of the Manila High School published their English Writings in the Coconut. * 1913 – The Philippine Normal School introduced its publication, The Torch. * 1920 – the Philippines Herald began publication. Manuel Quezon founded it and Paz Latorena, Loreto Paras, Hose Garcia Villa, Casiano T. Calalang, and others edited its magazine section. * 1924 – Hartendorp became the editor f the Philippine Education Magazine. * 1925 – Pree Presso began paying for original manuscripts and offered Php1, 000.00 for the best stories. The Manila Tribune was founded, along with Graphico, the Woman’s Outlook, the Woman’s Home Journal, and the Philippine Collegian. Also, the Philippine Writer’s Association was organized with Rizal G. * 1927 – The Writers’ Club was founded at the University of the Philippines. * 1929 – The First Filipino Novel in English was A Child of Sorrow. And His Awakening by Ernest Lopez. * 1900 – 1930 – Significant writing of Essays, Short Stories, and Poems. Essays. The essay was a popular form of expression for the early writers. As early as 1926 essayist expressed the need for literature that was native and national. Many essays first appeared as newspaper columns and later they were published in anthologies. In 1921 Zoilo M. Galang published Life and Success, the first volume of essays in English. In that year Zoilo M. Galang also published another book of essays, Master of Destiny. Short Stories, Virginia R. Moreno has described the literary years 1910 – 19o24 as â€Å" †¦ a period of novices with their experiences both infliction-making and the use of the new language. 1925 – 1931 was the period of phenomenal growth among the practitioners in the art.† It is true that the early short stories were the work of novices. The tales were often romantic and the adventures, themes, and plots were sometimes imitated. There were difficulties in grammar and at times their wows a tendency toward sentimentalism. But gradually, certain writers appeared who showed that the novitiate periods were ending. Critics for their high literary quality praised Jorge Bacobo’s â€Å"Horrible Adventure† in the Philippine Review for May 1916, and Paz Marquez Benitez’s â€Å"The Siren of 34 Real† in the Philippine Review for July 1917. On September 20, 1925 The Philippines Herald published â€Å"Dead Stars† by Paz Marquez Benitez. This story was quickly recognized as one of the best short stories yet written by a Filipino. Poems. The first known Filipino poem in English is â€Å"Sursum Corda† by Justo Juliano. It appeared in the Philippines Free Press in 1907. This poem, along with others of that period, has been criticized as being too artificial and overwritten in order to achieve intensity. The early poems in book often borrowed images and similes from English or American poets. The first collection of poems in book form was Reminisces, by Lorenzo Paredes, in 1921. In 1922, Procopio Solidum published Never Mind, a collection of Filipino poetry in English. Rodolfo Dato edited an anthology of Filipino poems in 1924 under the title Filipino Poetry. In 1926 he published his own poems in Manila. Most critics agree that Marcelo de Garcia Concepcion was a leading poet of the early period. His Azucena was published in New York in 1925. His poems reveal simple images with deep sensitivity and original thought. Some poets who belonged to the early period of Philippine Literature were: Aurelio S. Alvero, Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion, Rafael Zulueta da Costa, Luis Dato, Vicente L. del Fierro, Virgilio Floresca, Angela Manalang Gloria, Jose M. Hernandez, A.E. Litiatco. References: http://quizlet.com/10480063/types-of-literary-criticism-flash-cards/ http://hhh.gavilan.edu/kwarren/LitCrit.html http://litgroupone.blogspot.com/2009/07/history-of-philippine-literature.html

Air Canada essay

Assignment: International trade of Canadian companies: Company information Name: Air Canada Products/Services offered: As Canada’s largest airline and the world’s tenth-largest passenger airline by number of destinations, it offers direct passenger service to more than 175 destinations on five different continents. Air Canada is an airline offering air transport to diverse customers. Customers can pay premiums for first-class seats while others may chose to travel as economy class. The company’s primary function again is to offer air travel while other revenues stream from commodity sales abord air crafts. Brief History:Air Canada originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which inaugurated its first flight on September 1, 1937. By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline; it changed its name to Air Canada. The significance of this is that the government’s commissioning of the original company p latformed it’s future success. The airline was fully privatized in 1989 (made independent from the government). After an unofficial monopolization of the company’s extent, In 2001 Air Canada began meeting new rivals. One example of a newer company that sprouted after this period was Canadian Airlines.All in all because of the outreach of the company’s operations on national and international levels, it became so strong that In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated its 70th anniversary. Size: Operating revenues (Canadian dollars in millions): $ 12,120 Revenue per passenger miles (millions) (RPM): $ 55,646 Headquarters: La Rondelle (â€Å"The Puck† in French); a 7 story building that serves as the corporate headquarters of Air Canada, located on the grounds of Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint-Laurent,Montreal, near Dorval.The largest hub: Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly employs 106,000 people, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community, One of the largest private employers of the country.Subsidiaries of the company: Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Vacations, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz, and Air Canada Rouge. Fleet: The Air Canada fleet consists of 204 aircraft (as of December 2012). All aircraft are fitted with the new interiors, except three Boeing 767-300ERs. The new interior is a revamp of the cabin and has new installation of individual video displays in both Executive First and Economy classes. The majority of the widebody aircraft (B767, B777, A330) operates between Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. Aircraft |Total | |Airbus A319-100 |37 | |Airbus A320-200 |41 | |Airbus A321-200 |10 | |Airbus A330-300 |8 | |Boeing 767-300ER |30 | |Boeing 777-200LR |6 | |Boeing 777-300ER |12 | |Boeing 787-8 |— | |Embraer175 |13 | |Embraer190 |45 | Number of in-craft employees: Approximately 27,000 employees (over 6,800 flight attendants) Extent of International Business Air Canada provides scheduled passenger service directly to 59 Canadian cities, 55 destinations in the U. S and 64 cities in other international locations. In terms of facilities outside of Canada, Air canada operates in 119 places. In itself the company is a global organization.Air Canada’s international strategy is helped through membership with Star Alliance as it strengthens market presence in Central America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India. Air canada is attracting international revenues. Its extensive and expanding through its global network with its modern air fleet. Industry-leading on-board products and services, lounges and airport facilities are among the advantages that bring international success to Air Canada. Air Canada is Canada’s largest domestic, U. S. transborder and international airline and the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U. S. transborder market and in the international market to and from Canada. Domestic, U. S. ransborder and international departures accounted for approximately 66%, 26% and 8%, respectively, of the 1,520 average daily departures in 2012. Air Canada also carried close to 35 million revenue passengers and provided passenger service to 178 direct destinations across it’s five continents. Statistics Taken: (Bibliography): Air Canada Main, Air Canada Financial Report: http://www. aircanada. com/en/about/acfamily/index. html Skies Magzine News: http://skiesmag. com/news/articles/17097-air-canada-turns-75-with-a-nod-to-history. html CUPE National: http://cupe. ca/air-canada/a4a280dbf06baf Statistics Canada: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som /l01/cst01/trans01a-eng. htm